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<title>Homogenizer</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Homogenizer</span></span>

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<p>A <b>homogenizer</b> is a laboratory or industrial device used to break down and evenly distribute particles within a liquid mixture, creating a stable and uniform emulsion, suspension, or solution. <a href="Homogenization_(chemistry)" title="Homogenization (chemistry)">Homogenization</a> is a key process in many fields, including food and beverage production, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and materials science. It is used to process substances such as tissue, cells, soil, plant matter, and emulsified products like creams, lotions, or milk.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2></div>

<p>Homogenizers are widely used in both laboratory research and commercial manufacturing. Common applications include:

</p>

<ul><li>Cell disruption for DNA, RNA, and protein extraction</li>

<li>Food and beverage production (e.g., milk, juices, sauces)</li>

<li>Cosmetic product formulation (e.g., creams, gels, lotions)</li>

<li>Pharmaceutical suspensions and emulsions</li>

<li>Soil and plant sample processing for environmental testing</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_homogenizers">Types of homogenizers</h2></div>

<p>A variety of technologies are used in homogenization, each with advantages and limitations depending on the material being processed and the desired results.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basic_homogenization_tools">Basic homogenization tools</h3></div>

<p>Simple homogenization methods use basic tools and physical effort to break down samples. These techniques are commonly used in life sciences for sample processing, especially when cost or equipment availability is a concern.

</p><p>Two common examples include:

</p>

<ul><li><b><a href="Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></b>: One of the oldest and most accessible homogenization methods, commonly used as tissue grinders. The sample is ground between a container (the mortar) and a blunt object (the pestle). Mortar and pestle systems can be either manual or automated, and are often used for tissue homogenization, cell isolation, and processing cryogenic samples.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<ul><li><b>Frosted glass slides</b>: These can be used to homogenize small and soft tissue specimens by applying circular motion and pressure between two frosted surfaces. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>While these methods are simple and inexpensive, they are limited in scale and consistency.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_shear_(rotor/stator)_homogenizers">High shear (rotor/stator) homogenizers</h3></div>

<p><a href="High-shear_mixer" title="High-shear mixer">High shear homogenizers</a> use a rapidly spinning rotor inside a stationary stator to create high shear forces. These forces break down particles and droplets, typically reducing them to 2–5 microns.

</p>

<p>The rotor draws material into the workhead, where it is subjected to intense mixing in the narrow gap between the rotor and stator. As the product is forced through the stator screen, it experiences hydraulic shear and is recirculated back into the mix. This continuous cycle rapidly reduces particle or droplet size, producing a uniform and stable product.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Studies have shown high shear homogenizers can improve emulsion stability and viscosity without altering formulation components, which is important for regulated or commercialized products.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ultrasonic_homogenizers">Ultrasonic homogenizers</h3></div>

<p>Also known as <a href="Sonication" title="Sonication">sonicators</a>, ultrasonic homogenizers apply high-frequency sound waves to agitate particles in a sample. This method is especially useful for breaking cell walls and dispersing nanoparticles.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-pressure_homogenizers">High-pressure homogenizers</h3></div>

<p>In high-pressure homogenization, a product is forced through a narrow orifice at pressures often exceeding 15,000 psi. The resulting combination of shear, turbulence, and cavitation reduces particle size and produces uniform mixtures. This method is common in <a href="Milk" title="Milk">milk</a> processing.

</p><p>Ultra-high-pressure systems (UHPH) may enhance microbial stability and extend shelf life.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bead_mills">Bead mills</h3></div>

<p>Bead mill homogenizers use small beads made of glass, ceramic, or metal to pulverize samples through grinding and impact forces. They are particularly effective for tough tissues, microbial cells, and small volume samples.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_and_quality_considerations">Safety and quality considerations</h2></div>

<p>Modern homogenization technologies often incorporate features to reduce contamination, aerosol generation, and noise. Equipment design may also help minimize cross-contamination between samples, especially important in biological and clinical research.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Homogenization_(chemistry)" title="Homogenization (chemistry)">Homogenization (chemistry)</a></li>

<li><a href="French_pressure_cell_press" title="French pressure cell press">French pressure cell press</a></li>

<li><a href="Cell_disruption" title="Cell disruption">Cell disruption</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultrasonic_homogenizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultrasonic homogenizer">Ultrasonic homogenizer</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Laboratory_equipment100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Laboratory#Laboratory_equipment" title="Laboratory">Laboratory equipment</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="General100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">General</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Heaters</li><li>Dryers</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alcohol_burner" title="Alcohol burner">Alcohol burner</a></li>

<li><a href="Bunsen_burner" title="Bunsen burner">Bunsen burner</a></li>

<li><a href="Desiccator" title="Desiccator">Desiccator</a></li>

<li><a href="Heating_mantle" title="Heating mantle">Heating mantle</a></li>

<li><a href="Hot_plate" title="Hot plate">Hot plate</a></li>

<li><a href="Meker%E2%80%93Fisher_burner" title="Meker–Fisher burner">Meker–Fisher burner</a></li>

<li>Striker</li>

<li><a href="Teclu_burner" title="Teclu burner">Teclu burner</a></li>

<li><a href="Laboratory_water_bath" title="Laboratory water bath">Water bath</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_dry_box" title="Vacuum dry box">Vacuum dry box</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Mixers</li><li>Shakers</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chemostat" title="Chemostat">Chemostat</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquid_whistle" title="Liquid whistle">Liquid whistle</a></li>

<li><a href="Magnetic_stirrer" title="Magnetic stirrer">Magnetic stirrer</a></li>

<li><a href="Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li>

<li><a href="Shaker_(laboratory)" title="Shaker (laboratory)">Shaker</a></li>

<li><a href="Sonication" title="Sonication">Sonicator</a></li>

<li><a href="Static_mixer" title="Static mixer">Static mixer</a></li>

<li><a href="Glass_rod" title="Glass rod">Stirring rod</a></li>

<li><a href="Vortex_mixer" title="Vortex mixer">Vortex mixer</a></li>

<li><a href="Wash_bottle" title="Wash bottle">Wash bottle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Stands</li><li><a href="Clamp_(tool)" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamps</a> <br></li><li>Holders</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Beaker clamp</li>

<li><a href="Clamp_holder" title="Clamp holder">Clamp holder</a></li>

<li><a href="Tripod_(laboratory)" title="Tripod (laboratory)">Tripod</a></li>

<li><a href="Burette_clamp" title="Burette clamp">Burette clamp</a></li>

<li>Extension clamp</li>

<li>Flask clamp</li>

<li>Funnel support</li>

<li>Pinch clamp</li>

<li><a href="Retort_stand" title="Retort stand">Retort stand</a></li>

<li>Screw clamp</li>

<li><a href="Test_tube_holder" title="Test tube holder">Test tube holder</a></li>

<li><a href="Wire_gauze" title="Wire gauze">Wire gauze</a></li>

<li><a href="Laboratory_drying_rack" title="Laboratory drying rack">Lab drying rack</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Containers <br></li><li>Storage</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agar_plate" title="Agar plate">Agar plate</a></li>

<li><a href="Cryogenic_storage_dewar" title="Cryogenic storage dewar">Cryogenic storage dewar</a></li>

<li><a href="Incubator_(culture)" title="Incubator (culture)">Incubator</a></li>

<li><a href="Laminar_flow_cabinet" title="Laminar flow cabinet">Laminar flow cabinet</a></li>

<li><a href="Microplate" title="Microplate">Microtiter plate</a></li>

<li><a href="Petri_dish" title="Petri dish">Petri dish</a></li>

<li><a href="Picotiter_plate" title="Picotiter plate">Picotiter plate</a></li>

<li><a href="Refrigerator" title="Refrigerator">Refrigerator</a></li>

<li>Weighing boat</li>

<li>Weighing dish</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aspirator_(pump)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspirator (pump)">Aspirator</a></li>

<li><a href="Autoclave" title="Autoclave">Autoclave</a></li>

<li>Balance brush</li>

<li><a href="Cork_borer" title="Cork borer">Cork borer</a></li>

<li><a href="Crucible" title="Crucible">Crucible</a></li>

<li><a href="Filter_paper" title="Filter paper">Filter paper</a></li>

<li><a href="Forceps" title="Forceps">Forceps</a></li>

<li><a href="Laboratory_centrifuge" title="Laboratory centrifuge">Centrifuge</a></li>

<li><a href="Microscope" title="Microscope">Microscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Pipeclay_triangle" title="Pipeclay triangle">Pipeclay triangle</a></li>

<li><a href="Spectrophotometry" title="Spectrophotometry">Spectrophotometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Splint_(laboratory_equipment)" title="Splint (laboratory equipment)">Splint</a></li>

<li><a href="Laboratory_rubber_stopper" title="Laboratory rubber stopper">Stopper</a></li>

<li><a href="Scoopula" title="Scoopula">Scoopula</a></li>

<li><a href="Spatula" title="Spatula">Spatula</a></li>

<li><a href="Test_tube_brush" title="Test tube brush">Test tube brush</a></li>

<li><a href="Wire_brush" title="Wire brush">Wire brush</a></li>

<li><a href="Inoculation_needle" title="Inoculation needle">Inoculation needle</a></li>

<li><a href="Inoculation_loop" title="Inoculation loop">Inoculation loop</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Glassware100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Laboratory_glassware" title="Laboratory glassware">Glassware</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apparatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dean%E2%80%93Stark_apparatus" title="Dean–Stark apparatus">Dean–Stark</a></li>

<li><a href="Soxhlet_extractor" title="Soxhlet extractor">Soxhlet extractor</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bottles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boston_round_(bottle)" title="Boston round (bottle)">Boston round</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Condenser_(laboratory)" title="Condenser (laboratory)">Condensers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cold_finger" title="Cold finger">Cold finger</a></li>

<li><a href="Liebig_condenser" title="Liebig condenser">Liebig</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Evaporating_dish" title="Evaporating dish">Evaporating</a></li>

<li><a href="Petri_dish" title="Petri dish">Petri</a></li>

<li><a href="Syracuse_dish" title="Syracuse dish">Syracuse</a></li>

<li><a href="Watch_glass" title="Watch glass">Watch glass</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Laboratory_flask" title="Laboratory flask">Flasks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="B%C3%BCchner_flask" title="Büchner flask">Büchner</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacuum_flask" title="Vacuum flask">Vacuum (Dewar)</a></li>

<li><a href="Erlenmeyer_flask" title="Erlenmeyer flask">Erlenmeyer</a></li>

<li><a href="Fernbach_flask" title="Fernbach flask">Fernbach</a></li>

<li><a href="Fleaker" title="Fleaker">Fleaker</a></li>

<li><a href="Florence_flask" title="Florence flask">Florence</a></li>

<li><a href="Retort" title="Retort">Retort</a></li>

<li><a href="Round-bottom_flask" title="Round-bottom flask">Round-bottom</a></li>

<li><a href="Schlenk_flask" title="Schlenk flask">Schlenk</a></li>

<li><a href="Volumetric_flask" title="Volumetric flask">Volumetric</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Funnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="B%C3%BCchner_funnel" title="Büchner funnel">Büchner</a></li>

<li><a href="B%C3%BCchner_funnel" title="Büchner funnel">Hirsch</a></li>

<li><a href="Dropping_funnel" title="Dropping funnel">Dropping</a></li>

<li><a href="Separatory_funnel" title="Separatory funnel">Separatory</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measuring devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Burette" title="Burette">Burette</a></li>

<li><a href="Conical_measure" title="Conical measure">Conical measure</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuvette" title="Cuvette">Cuvette</a></li>

<li><a href="Eye_dropper" title="Eye dropper">Eye dropper</a></li>

<li><a href="Eudiometer" title="Eudiometer">Eudiometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Graduated_cylinder" title="Graduated cylinder">Graduated cylinder</a></li>

<li><a href="Ostwald_viscometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostwald viscometer">Ostwald viscometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Pipette" title="Pipette">Pipette</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Glass_tube" title="Glass tube">Tubes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Drying_tube" title="Drying tube">Drying</a></li>

<li><a href="Cragie_tube" title="Cragie tube">Cragie</a></li>

<li><a href="NMR_tube" title="NMR tube">Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)</a></li>

<li><a href="Thiele_tube" title="Thiele tube">Thiele</a></li>

<li><a href="Thistle_tube" title="Thistle tube">Thistle</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Beaker_(glassware)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker (glassware)">Beaker</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_syringe" title="Gas syringe">Gas syringe</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Analytical_chemistry100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Analytical_chemistry" title="Analytical chemistry">Analytical chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compositional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AutoAnalyzer" title="AutoAnalyzer">AutoAnalyzer</a></li>

<li><a href="CHN_analyzer" class="mw-redirect" title="CHN analyzer">CHN analyzer</a></li>

<li><a href="Colorimeter_(chemistry)" title="Colorimeter (chemistry)">Colorimeter</a></li>

<li><a href="Inductively_coupled_plasma" title="Inductively coupled plasma">Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device</a></li>

<li><a href="Gas_chromatography" title="Gas chromatography">Gas chromatograph (GC)</a></li>

<li><a href="High-performance_liquid_chromatography" title="High-performance liquid chromatography">Liquid chromatograph (LC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">Mass spectrometer (MS)</a></li>

<li><a href="PH_indicator" title="PH indicator">pH indicator</a></li>

<li><a href="PH_meter" title="PH meter">pH meter</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Microscopy" title="Microscopy">Microscopy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Scanning_electron_microscope" title="Scanning electron microscope">Scanning electron microscope (SEM)</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmission_electron_microscopy" title="Transmission electron microscopy">Transmission electron microscope (TEM)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Thermochemistry" title="Thermochemistry">Thermochemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Calorimeter" title="Calorimeter">Calorimeter</a>

<ul><li><a href="Differential_scanning_calorimetry" title="Differential scanning calorimetry">differential scanning</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Melting-point_apparatus" title="Melting-point apparatus">Melting-point apparatus</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermometer" title="Thermometer">Thermometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Thermogravimetric_analysis" title="Thermogravimetric analysis">Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Analytical_balance" title="Analytical balance">Analytical balance</a></li>

<li><a href="Colony_counter" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony counter">Colony counter</a></li>

<li><a href="Spiral_plater" title="Spiral plater">Spiral plater</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclear_magnetic_resonance" title="Nuclear magnetic resonance">Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrument</a></li>

<li><a href="Plate_reader" title="Plate reader">Plate reader</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Electronics100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Electronics" title="Electronics">Electronics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Control devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bench_power_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Bench power supply">Bench power supply</a>

<ul><li><a href="Current_source" title="Current source">Current source</a></li>

<li><a href="Voltage_source" title="Voltage source">Voltage source</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Function_generator" title="Function generator">Function generator</a></li>

<li><a href="Galvanostat" title="Galvanostat">Galvanostat</a></li>

<li><a href="Pulse_generator" title="Pulse generator">Pulse generator</a></li>

<li><a href="Potentiostat" title="Potentiostat">Potentiostat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Measurement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ammeter" title="Ammeter">Ammeter</a></li>

<li><a href="Logic_analyzer" title="Logic analyzer">Logic analyzer</a></li>

<li><a href="Multimeter" title="Multimeter">Multimeter</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_analyzer_(electrical)" title="Network analyzer (electrical)">Network analyzer</a></li>

<li><a href="Oscilloscope" title="Oscilloscope">Oscilloscope</a></li>

<li><a href="Spectrum_analyzer" title="Spectrum analyzer">Spectrum analyzer</a></li>

<li><a href="Time-domain_reflectometer" title="Time-domain reflectometer">Time-domain reflectometer</a></li>

<li><a href="Transistor_tester" title="Transistor tester">Transistor tester</a></li>

<li><a href="Voltmeter" title="Voltmeter">Voltmeter</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Soldering_iron" title="Soldering iron">Soldering iron</a></li>

<li><a href="Tweezers" title="Tweezers">Tweezers</a></li>

<li><a href="Wire_stripper" title="Wire stripper">Wire stripper</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alligator_clip" class="mw-redirect" title="Alligator clip">Alligator clip</a></li>

<li><a href="Test_probe" title="Test probe">Test probe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Safety100" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Safety</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective<br>equipment (PPE)</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Face_shield" title="Face shield">Face shield</a></li>

<li><a href="Respirator" title="Respirator">Respirator</a></li>

<li><a href="Apron" title="Apron">Rubber apron</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_eyewash_and_safety_shower_station" title="Emergency eyewash and safety shower station">Safety shower</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eye and hand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Glove" title="Glove">Acid-resistant gloves</a></li>

<li><a href="Emergency_eyewash_and_safety_shower_station" title="Emergency eyewash and safety shower station">Eyewash station</a></li>

<li><a href="Glovebox" title="Glovebox">Glove box</a></li>

<li><a href="Medical_glove" title="Medical glove">Medical gloves</a></li>

<li><a href="Nitrile_rubber" title="Nitrile rubber">Nitrile gloves</a></li>

<li><a href="Glasses" title="Glasses">Safety glasses</a></li>

<li><a href="Goggles" title="Goggles">Safety goggles</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Biosafety_cabinet" title="Biosafety cabinet">Biosafety cabinet</a></li>

<li><a href="Fire_blanket" title="Fire blanket">Fire blanket</a></li>

<li><a href="Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">Fire extinguisher</a></li>

<li><a href="Safety_cabinet" title="Safety cabinet">Safety cabinet</a></li>

<li><a href="Solvent_cabinet" title="Solvent cabinet">Solvent cabinet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Instruments_used_in_medical_laboratories" title="Instruments used in medical laboratories">Instruments used in medical laboratories</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://proscientific.com/homogenizer_infographic.pdf">"Homogenization Technologies: Pros & Cons Infographic"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Lab Manager/PRO Scientific<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-07</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRazygraev2020" class="citation journal cs1">Razygraev, A. V. (2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873820020037">"A Comparative Study of Catalase Activity in Culiseta annulata (Schrank) and Culex pipiens L. (Diptera, Culicidae)"</a></span>. <i>Entomological Review</i>. <b>100</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">162–</span>169. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS0013873820020037">10.1134/S0013873820020037</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1555-6689">1555-6689</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219551607">219551607</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSilvaCerizeOliveira" class="citation web cs1">Silva, T. M.; Cerize, N. N. P.; Oliveira, A. M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368181316_The_Effect_of_High_Shear_Homogenization_on_Physical_Stability_of_Emulsions">"The Effect of High Shear Homogenization on Physical Stability of Emulsions"</a>. <i>ResearchGate</i>. Institute for Technological Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-07</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFerragutHernández-HerreroVeciana-NoguésBorras-Suarez2015" class="citation journal cs1">Ferragut, Victoria; Hernández-Herrero, Manuela; Veciana-Nogués, María Teresa; Borras-Suarez, Miquel; González-Linares, Javier; Vidal-Carou, María Carmen; Guamis, Buenaventura (30 March 2015). "Ultra-high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) system for producing high-quality vegetable-based beverages: physicochemical, microbiological, nutritional and toxicological characteristics: Soy and almond beverages produced by UHPH". <i>Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture</i>. <b>95</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">953–</span>961. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjsfa.6769">10.1002/jsfa.6769</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24898984">24898984</a>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-21" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Homogenizer&oldid=1291496969">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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